Takashi Morihara, Professor (Waseda University)
In this course, students will examine the intellectual history of the idea of an integrated Europe, and learn how this idea has recurred in related ways in several different periods of European history, from the Middle Ages to the present day. We will consider the historical context of each era, such as the issue of Europe being a Christian community in the Middle Ages, the problems with Europe being a "literary republic" in the early modern period, the theory of perpetual peace according to Rousseau and Kant, the various thoughts and realities of integration in the modern period, and the philosophy and course of European integration in the present age.